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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects against Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats under Social Isolation, Electric Shock and Inadequate Protein Malnutrition

Azza A. Ali 1, Ahmed Wahid 2, Mona G. Khalil 3, Asmaa A. Mohamed 1, Mona M. Kamal 1, and Karema Abu-Elfotuh 1
1.Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2.Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
3.Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract—Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea. This study aims to investigate the influence of EGCG on different stressful conditions as social isolation, Electric Shock (EC) and inadequate nutritional conditions as Protein Malnutrition (PM) on neurotoxicity induced by Al in rats. Rats were randomly categorized into 10 groups. One normal control received saline, and four Al toxicity groups injected daily for three weeks by AlCl3 (70 mg/kg, IP). One of them served as Al toxicity model, two groups subjected to different stresses either by isolation as mild stressful condition or by Electric Shock (EC) as high stressful condition. The last group was maintained on 10% casein diet, a group recieved EGCG (10 mg/kg, IP) and other 4 groups treated with EGCG and different stress conditions employed in the study. Rats exposed to Al showed brain neurotoxicity and neuronal degenerations. Both mild (SI) and high (EC) stressful conditions as well as inadequate nutrition (PM) enhanced Al-induced neurotoxicity and brain neuronal degenerations. The enhancement induced by stresses especially in its higher conditions (ES) was more pronounced than that of inadequate nutritional conditions (PM) as indicated by the significant increase in Aβ, AChE, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β together with the significant decrease in SOD, TAC, BDNF. EGCG showed more pronounced protection against hazards of Al in both stressful conditions (SI and EC) rather than in PM. The protective effects of EGCG were indicated by the significant decrease in Aβ, AChE, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β together with the increase in SOD, TAC, BDNF and confirmed by brain histopathological examinations. EGCG can protect against Al-induced brain neuronal degenerations in all conditions. Consequently, administration of EGCG together with socialization as well as adequate protein nutrition is advised especially on excessive Al-exposure to avoid the severity of its neuronal toxicity.

Index Terms—aluminium, protein malnutrition, neuronal degeneration, epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Cite: Azza A. Ali, Ahmed Wahid, Mona G. Khalil, Asmaa A. Mohamed, Mona M. Kamal, and Karema Abu-Elfotuh, "Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects against Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats under Social Isolation, Electric Shock and Inadequate Protein Malnutrition," International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 94-102, July 2021. doi: 10.18178/ijpmbs.10.3.94-102

Copyright © 2021 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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