Abstract—Although regenerative medicine holds significant potential in the treatment of organ failure and neurodegenerative diseases, traditional stem cell therapies face major limitations regarding ethical concerns, immune rejection, differentiation, and sourcing. These factors have prevented the widespread adoption of regenerative medicine. Since Takahashi and Yamanaka first generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in 2006 and demonstrated that they possess the same proliferative capacity as normal stem cells, the technology for applying iPSCs in regenerative medicine has gradually matured. This has helped to fill, to some extent, the significant gap in regenerative medicine for organ failure and neurodegenerative diseases caused by the major limitations of traditional stem cell therapies. This paper investigates how iPSCs can, to some extent, mitigate or resolve the limitations of traditional stem cell therapies (Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)). Using a literature review methodology, this study examines past research to demonstrate that iPSCs have, to a certain degree, addressed the ethical limitations, immune rejection, and problems related to differentiation and sourcing associated with traditional stem cell therapies (embryonic or adult stem cells).
 
Keywords—induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC), regenerative medicine, Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC), Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)

Cite: Haozhe Guo, "Advantages of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: A Comparative Review with Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells," International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 140-143, 2026.

Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).