Abstract—Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-based cellular immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies; however, its clinical translation to solid tumors, particularly ovarian cancer, remains limited by multiple factors. Using ovarian cancer as a representative model, this review focuses on the key challenges related to the limited efficacy and suboptimal safety profiles of CAR therapy in solid tumors. This research systematically synthesizes recent multidimensional engineering strategies designed to optimize CAR-based interventions. Drawing upon principles of tumor immunology, cellular engineering, gene editing, and epigenetic regulation, we critically evaluate targeted optimization approaches, including dual-antigen targeting, chemokine and metabolite receptor modification, gene editing, epigenetic reprogramming, armored cytokine secretion, universal modular CAR designs, and allogeneic “off-the-shelf” platforms. Current evidence indicates that these multimodal engineering strategies can synergistically enhance tumor homing, intratumoral infiltration, metabolic fitness, and persistence of CAR-engineered cells, while effectively mitigating antigen escape and T-cell exhaustion to improve safety profiles. Furthermore, adjunctive strategies such as intraperitoneal delivery and the identification of predictive biomarkers are discussed for their potential to augment therapeutic efficacy and facilitate clinical translation. In conclusion, this review underscores that a multidimensional engineering framework provides a safe, scalable, and standardized paradigm to overcome treatment resistance and immune evasion, thereby laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the development of potentially curative CAR immunotherapies for ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
 
Keywords—Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, ovarian cancer, multidimensional engineering, tumor microenvironment, solid tumor immunotherapy

Cite: Yeyao Guo, "Multidimensional Engineering of CAR-based Cellular Immunotherapies for Ovarian Cancer," International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 70-74, 2026.

Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).