IJPMBS 2026 Vol.15(3): 38-42
doi: 10.18178/ijpmbs.15.3.38-42
doi: 10.18178/ijpmbs.15.3.38-42
Cell-free Supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 Suppresses Pythium deliense Infection in Durian via ROS and Defense Gene Modulation
T. Chan-In 1,†, N. Jaroenkit 1,†, N. Sudyoung 2,
O. Pringsulaka 2, and
S. Sarawaneeyaruk 1,*
1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
2. Department of Biotechnology and Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
Email: teerathun.chan-in@g.swu.ac.th (T.C.-I.); natthicha0880@gmail.com (N.J.); natthidas@g.swu.ac.th (N.S.); onanong@g.swu.ac.th (O.P.); siriruk@g.swu.ac.th (S.S.)
*Corresponding author
†These authors contributed equally to this work
2. Department of Biotechnology and Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
Email: teerathun.chan-in@g.swu.ac.th (T.C.-I.); natthicha0880@gmail.com (N.J.); natthidas@g.swu.ac.th (N.S.); onanong@g.swu.ac.th (O.P.); siriruk@g.swu.ac.th (S.S.)
*Corresponding author
†These authors contributed equally to this work
Manuscript received May 6, 2026; accepted June 7, 2026; published July 17, 2026.
Abstract—Durio zibethinus L. (Durian) production in Thailand is significantly threatened by root and stem rot diseases caused by oomycete pathogens, such as Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of cell-free supernatants derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 (CF-SWUC02) against Pythium deliense, a necrotrophic pathogen associated with these diseases. Pathogenicity assays on detached ‘Monthong’ durian leaves demonstrated that CF-SWUC02 significantly reduced lesion sizes compared to pathogen-only treatments. Histochemical detection using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining revealed that CF-SWUC02 effectively suppressed pathogen-induced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation. Furthermore, quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis indicated that CF-SWUC02 modulated host defense responses by attenuating the overexpression of defense-related genes (RPP13 and ZiChi7) during infection. These combined results suggest that CF-SWUC02 mitigates disease severity by regulating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation and balancing defense gene expression, thereby preventing extensive host tissue necrosis. Ultimately, this study highlights the promising potential of CF-SWUC02 as an environmentally sustainable biocontrol strategy for managing durian root and stem rot disease.
Keywords—biocontrol, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) assay, cell free culture
Cite: T. Chan-In, N. Jaroenkit, N. Sudyoung, O. Pringsulaka, and S. Sarawaneeyaruk, "Cell-free Supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 Suppresses Pythium deliense Infection in Durian via ROS and Defense Gene Modulation," International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 38-42, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—biocontrol, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) assay, cell free culture
Cite: T. Chan-In, N. Jaroenkit, N. Sudyoung, O. Pringsulaka, and S. Sarawaneeyaruk, "Cell-free Supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 Suppresses Pythium deliense Infection in Durian via ROS and Defense Gene Modulation," International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 38-42, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
